법(mood)

법(mood)                               

1. 법의 종류

- 말하는 사람의 심리 태도에 의한 동사의 표현 형식을 법이라 한다.

- 직설법(indicative), 명령법(imperative), 가정법(subjunctive)이 있다.

• I am thirsty. (직설법)

• Give me something to drink. (명령법)

• I wish I had something to drink. (가정법)

2. 법의 형식과 용법

1) 명령법

- 주어 You를 생략하고 동사의 원형으로 시작된다.  

- 특히 상대방의 주의를 끌려고 할 때는 주어 You를 사용하는 경우도 있다.

• You read the first paragraph, John.

• And mind you don't forget to post the letter. (mind you : 잘 들어둬, 알겠니?)

2) 명령법이 가정법 또는 양보로 사용된 경우

① 명령법 + and ∼  『…하라, 그러면 ∼할 것이다.』

• Hurry up, and you will be in time.

  = If you hurry up, you will be in time.

• Work hard, and you will succeed.

  = If you work hard, you will succeed.

• Let him make haste, and he will be in time.

  = If he makes haste, he will be in time.

② 명령법 + or  ∼ 『…하라, 그렇지 않으면 ∼할 것이다.』

• Hurry up, or you will be late.

  = If you do not hurry up, you will be late.

  = Unless you hurry up, you will be late.

• Get up at once, or you will be late for school.

  = If you do not get up at once, you will be late for school.

  = Unless you get up at once, you will be late for school.

③ 명령법 + 관계사 ∼ will [may] 『∼한다 해도』 : 부사절로 앞에서 양보를 나타낸다. (양보명령)

• Go where you will, you will not be employed.

  = Wherever you may go, you will not be employed.

• Say what you will, you cannot convince me.

  = Whatever you may say, you cannot convince me.

• Be a man ever so rich, he should not be idle.

  = However rich a man may be, he should not be idle.

  = Let a man be ever so rich, he should not idle.

④ Suppose [ = If ] 『만약에 ∼이라면』

• Suppose you were  the Premier, what would you do?

• Suppose you had a large sum of money, what would you do with it?

3) let를 사용하는 명령법 :

- 1인칭, 3인칭에 관하여 상대방에게 명령하거나 허가를 구하든지 혹은 권유를 하는 형식

• Let him go there. (허가, 권유)   - let이 3인칭에 쓰여서 명령을 나타낸다.

• Let each man do his best.

  = Each man should do his best. (각자 자기의 최선을 다하라.)