부정사의 시제

부정사의 시제                        

1. 단순부정사 (현재부정사)

『to + VR』의 형태를 취하며, 그 시제는 본동사의 시제와 일치한다.

It seems(appears) that + S + V  → S + seem(appear) + to 부정사.

It happens(chances) that + S+ V → S + happen(chance) + to 부정사.

• He seems to be ill.

  = He seems that he is ill.

• He seemed to be ill.

  = He seemed that he was ill.

• She is said to be a widow.

  = It is said that she is a widow.

• She was said to be a widow.

  = It was said that she was a widow.      

• It seems that he studies hard.

  = He seems to study hard.

• It happened that we were on the same bus.

  = We happened to be on the same bus.

2. 완료부정사

to have +pp의 형태로, 본동사의 시제보다 한 시제 앞선다.

• He seems to have been ill.

  = He seems that he was(has been) ill.

• He seemed to have been ill.

  = He seemed that he had been ill.

• It seems that he studied hard

  = He seems to have studied hard.

• It appears that he was rich.

  = He appears to have been rich.

• She is said to have been a widow.

  = It is said that she was(has been) a widow.

• She was said to have been a widow.

  = It was said that she had been a widow.

3. 미래부정사

hope, wish, want, intend, expect, promise, remember, forget, be likely, be sure 등은 미래의 어떤 것을 바라는 뜻이므로, 다음에 오는 to+VR의 형태는 자연히 미래의 시제가 된다.

미래 동사 + to 부정사 : 부정사의 시제가  본동사보다 하나 더 미래

• I hope to see him.

  = I hope that I shall see him.

• I hoped to see him.

  = I hoped that I should see him.

• He intends to see you.

  = He intends that he will see you.

• He intended to see you.

  = He intended that he would see you.

• It is likely that he will win.

  = He is likely to win.

remember, forget 다음에 부정사가 오면 미래의 뜻이 되고, 동명사가 오면 과거의 뜻

• I remember to see her.

  = I remember that I shall see her.

• I remember seeing her somewhere.

  = I remember that I saw her somewhere.

4. 과거에 이루지 못한 소망

hope, wish, want, intend, expect, promise 등의 과거형 + to have + pp (완료부정사)가 오면 과거에 이루지 못한 소망을 나타낸다.

형식 : S + had + 소망동사의 p.p + that ∼

        S + had + 소망동사의 p.p + 단순 부정사

        S + 소망동사의 과거형 + 완료 부정사.

• I hoped to see her yesterday.

  = I hoped that I should see her yesterday.

  (그녀를 만나기를 희망했음. 만났는지 만나지 못했는지는 표현되지 않음)

• I had hoped that I would see her yesterday.

  = I had hoped to see her yesterday.

  = I hoped to have seen her yesterday.

  = I had to see her yesterday, but I couldn't.

  (그녀를 만나기를 희망했으나 만나지를 못함)

• I hoped to have learned French.

  = I hoped to learn French, but I couldn't learn it.

• I expected to have seen her at the party last night.

• I intended to have helped her with some money.

• He intended to have seen the show.

  = He had intended to see the show.